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2023年高中英语语法之倒装句用法归纳及专项练习
英语语法倒装句学习指津
出于语法和修辞目的（强调，承上启下，平衡等）的需要，把谓语的一部分或全部句子的其他成分放在主语之前，叫倒装语序
倒装范例引入：
1，There are many students and teachers is our school.（全倒）
2，What are you doing now .（半倒）
3，The higher we stand ,the farther we will see. （形式倒装）
倒装定义
出于语法和修辞目的（强调，承上启下，平衡等）的需要，把谓语的一部分或全部句子的其他成分放在主语之前，叫倒装语序。
倒装句的种类
　①完全倒装提前部分+谓语动词+主语。
　②部分倒装提前部分+助动词+主语+谓语相当于提前部分+一般疑问句。
　③形式倒装只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。
倒装句之部分倒装
在现实的语言实践中，由于语法结构的要求，或是由于修辞的需要，往往要改变句子的自然语序，把一些本应置于主语之后的句子成分提到主语之前，我们称这种语序的变化为“倒装语序”。下面我们就来看一下倒装句中的部分倒装。
在出现以下情况时，需要使用部分倒装：
情况一：only修饰的状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）位于句首；
如：Only after three operations was he able to walk.
做过三次手术之后，他才能行走。
值得注意的是，当only修饰主语时，则不倒装。
如：Only that girl knew how to work out the problem.
只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。
情况二：含有否定意义的副词（never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere等）位于句首；
如：Seldom in all my life have l met such a brave man.
我一生很少见过这么勇敢的人。
Little did he realize the danger he faced.
他几乎没有认识到他面临的危险。
情况三：so/neither/nor开头的句子，说明前面的内容也适用于后者时，用倒装句“so/neither/nor+be/have/助动词／情态动词＋主语”。
如：John can't speak Japanese, nor can Helen.
约翰不会讲日语，海伦也不会。
情况四：not only...(but also)...位于句首引导两个分句时，前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装，第二个分句则不倒装。
如：Not only does he teach in school, but he writes novels.
他不但在学校教书，而且还写小说。
英语语法之全部倒装精解
一、全部倒装
　　（一）there be句型
　　有时一些表示存在意义的不及物动词也可用于该句型，如：stand，lie，exist，live，remain，appear，come，happen，occur，rise等。
　　例句：Generally, there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. (选自2007年Use of English)
　　分析：该句是复合句，其中a belief与that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states互为同位语关系，形容词短语large enough to be...作定语修饰states。
　　译文：他们普遍认为新生的国家是拥有主权和完全独立的国家，大到经济上可运行良好，并由一套共同法律让各个新的独立国家联合起来。
　　（二）表示方向、地点的状语等词置于句首
　　here，there，up，down，away，in，out，off等位于句首时，往往主谓倒装。
　　例句：Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.
　　分析：该句是复合句，which I heard at a nurses convention和which works well共同修饰story。
　　译文：举个例子，在一次护士大会上，我听到了一个效果很理想的幽默故事，因为听众都对医生持有相同的看法。
　　（三）作表语的形容词或分词置于句首
　　例句：Lying unconsciously under the tree was an old man aged 75.
　　分析：该句是简单句，aged 75修饰an old man，作后置定语。
　　译文：一位75岁高龄的老人躺在树下，已经不省人事。
搞定英语倒装句三部曲
步骤一:形容词性的词置于句首或介词短语和方位副词置于句首，后紧跟系动词可判定为倒装。
　　解析：形容词性的词在句中作定语和表语，而置于句首说明不是做后置定语，后紧跟系动词也说明不做前置定语，因此只能是充当表语：介词短语和方位副词在句中充当状语和表语，后紧跟系动词说明只能充当表语;介词短语和方位副词在句中充当状语和表语，后紧跟动词说明只能充当表语。
步骤二:V.-ing 开头的句子，后紧跟复数系动词可判定为倒装。
　　解析：V.-ing 开头时，通过词本身很难判断出其词性为形容词或动名词，因此只能通过系动词来判定。如果V.-ing 为动名词，那么系动词就应该是单数，所以如果出现的是复数系动词的话，可以判定为倒装。
步骤三:V.-ing 开头的句子，后紧跟单数系动词，后接名词性的词可以判定为倒装。
　　解析：V.-ing 开头时，系动词为单数，但如果后面是名词性的词，则可能是倒装也可能不是倒装，比如：
　　Playing basketball is an interesting game.(不是倒装)
　　Playing basketball is my cousin who is from the New York(倒装)
　　如果我们把第一个句子倒装一下也不会产生歧义，符合英语习惯，因此我们就把单数系动词加名词性的词统统判定为倒装。
示例：
　　例1：Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals , sometimes easily recognizable as such , often distorted into gorgeous , weird , but always functional shapes .
　　Surrounding开头，后接复数系动词可以判定为倒装;正常语序为：Three sepals and three petals , sometimes easily recognizable are surrounding the column.这里倒装的目的是为了平衡句子结构，使对于主语的修饰更加充分。
　　译文：三个瓣片和三个萼片有时候是有时候是这样的容易被认出来，但是经常被扭曲成了美丽的、奇怪的，但经常是有用的一些形状，这些瓣片和萼片就围绕着这个柱子展开。
　　例2：Most important , perhaps , was that they had all maintained with a certain fidelity the technique and composition consistent with those of America's first popular landscape artist , Thomas Cole, who built a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery bordering the Hudson River 为主语从句，在翻译的时候应先翻译冗长的主语从句。
　　译文：他们几乎忠诚地在坚持着和美国第一个流行景观艺术家托马斯柯尔的技法和构图原则一致的技法和原则，柯尔一直从事着描绘哈德逊两岸的Catskill山风景的事业。
英语倒装句专项训练(有详解)
1.-I would never ever come to this restaurant again.The food is terrible!
A. Nor am I
B. Neither would I C.Same with me D.So do I
2.Of the making of good books there is no end;neither_____any end to their influence man’s lives.
A. there is
B. there are
C. is there
D. are there
3. Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else
such a beautiful place.
A.can you find
B. you could find C.you can find
D.could you find
4.I failed in the final examination last term, and only then the importance of studies.
A. I realized
B. I had realized
C.had I realized
D. did I realize
5. snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest
A. Not only they brought
B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they
D. Not only they did bring
6.-David has made great progress recently.
-______,and_____.
A. so he has, so you have
B.so he has; so have you
C.so has he; so have you
D. so has he so you have
7.-It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night
-My God!______
A.So did I
B.So I did
C. So were you
D. So did you
8. Not a single song ________ at yesterday's party.
A. she sang
B. sang she
C.did she sing
D. she did sing
9. So difficult it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English.
A. I have felt
B. have I felt
C.I did feel
D.did I feel
10.-You forgot your purse when you went out.
-Good heavens,_____-
A.so did I
B. so I did
C.I did so
D. I so did
11. Only when your identity has been checked,____
A.you are allowed in
B. you will be allowed in
C.will you allow in
D. will you be allowed in
12.I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life so happy!
A.did I feel
B.I felt
C.I had felt
D. had I felt
13. can you expect to get a pay rise.
A.With hard work
B. Although work hard
C.Only with hard work
D. Now that he works hard
14.Only when the war was over to his hometown.
A.did the young soldier return
B. the young soldier returned
C. returned the young soldier
D. the young soldier did return
15. Not only interested in football but beginning to show an interest in it.
A. the teacher himself is: all his students are
B.the teacher himself is:are all his students
C. is the teacher himself are all his students
D. is the teacher himself all his students are
答案与解析:
1.B.因为表示甲不做某事，乙也同样不做某事，用“neither nor+特殊词+主语”，“特殊词”用与前句中的情态动词、助动询或be相
同，或根据前包的时态，用do.does.did。因前包中有would，后包应重复would，所以选B。
2.C.因为以表示“与…一样不没有”的否定词neither开头，要用部分倒装，排除A和B;又根据there be后的名词end是单数，be用is，而不
用are，所以只有C正确。
3.A.因为否定词nowhere else放在句首，句子要用部分倒装，又是一般现在时态，所以选A。
4.D.因为“only+状语”放在句首，句子要用部分倒装，又因为then就是指前一分句描述的这一过去时间，要用一般过去时，所以只有D
正确。
5.B.因为not only..but also.…连接两个句子时，前一个句子要用部分倒装，所以选B。
6.B。表示后者与前者的情况一样就用倒装;如果是对上文加以肯定或强调的确是这样”就不用倒装。句意是:“David最近取得了很大的
进步。”"是的，他取得了很大的进步，你也取得了很大进步。"
7.B。对别人的话表示赞成的确如此”，不用倒装。句意是:“你太粗心大意了，你的衣服在外面放了一夜。”“哎呀!真的是这样。”
8.C。以not等否定意义的词开头的句子要用部分倒装。
9.D。以“so+形容词”开头的句子要用部分倒装;中 determined可知用一般过去时。
10.B。句意是:天哪!我确实忘了带钱包。
11.D。only 加状语置干句首，要用部分倒装，排除A和 B;又因vou与allow是被动关系，排除C。
12.D。以never开头的句子要部分倒装;表示过去(got the job)的过去，要用过去完成时。
13.C。因题干是部分倒装句，只有答案C能构成倒装的条件:only加状语开头的句子要用部分倒装。
14.A。only加状语置于句首，要用部分倒装。
15.D。not only but also 连接两个分句时，仅仅是not only这一分句要部分倒装。

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