- 1. WALKOUT
- 2. The East Los Angeles Walkouts or Chicano Blowouts were a series of 1968 protests against unequal conditions in Los Angeles Unified School District high schools.
- 3. While the students who organized and carried out the protests were primarily concerned with the quality of their education, they were also motivated by the high minority death toll in the Vietnam War and the ongoing civil rights campaigns of the Chicano Movement.
- 4. History East Los Angeles had been home to Mexicans since the establishment of Mission San Gabriel Arcángel in 1771.
- 5. During the 20 th century, they found themselves restricted to the East side, and other non-Anglo ethnicities were segregated here as well.
- 6. As a result, East Los Angelinos never received the same level of government services as did their wealthier, whiter West-side counterparts.
- 7. During the 1950s and 60s, Mexican Americans took part in the national quest for civil rights, fighting important court battles and building social and political movements.
- 8. Mexican American youth in particular became politicized, having taken advantage of the many opportunities their parents never had.
- 9. Organizing Inspired by the charismatic Chicano educator Sal Castro, a teacher at Lincoln High School, and after attending youth leadership conferences where they learned about the discrepancies between Eastside and Westside schools, members of the Brown Berets and other student groups from Roosevelt, Wilson, Lincoln, Garfield, and Belmont high schools began organizing for change.
- 10. Early Stages First they took a survey of Chicano attitudes towards school and education. They presented a list of demands to the school board based on the results of the survey. After bureaucratic delays, the student leadership decided that only direct action would suffice to bring about change.
- 11. Walkouts In March of 1968, students from all five public high schools in East L.A. walked out of their classes. Over the next several days, they inspired similar walkouts at fifteen other schools. While initially their protest was tolerated, the patience of the authorities wore thin, and the police were unleashed on the peaceful demonstrators.
- 12. Arrests Castro along with twenty five others, including twelve students were arrested on conspiracy charges. They became known as "The East L.A. Thirteen". Eventually, all charges against them were dropped.
- 13. Aftermath
- 14. Sal Castro Sal Castro continues to lecture student groups across the country and helps run leadership conferences for high school students.
- 15. Moctesuma Esparza Moctesuma Esparza, one of the 13 accused, became a successful film producer and went on to open doors for Mexican Americans in Hollywood.
- 16. Harry Gamboa, Jr. Harry Gamboa, Jr. became an artist and writer.
- 17. Bobby Verdugo Now a social worker involved in helping teenage fathers.
- 18. Carlos Montes Carlos Montes, a Brown Berets Minister, was charged with arson at a hotel during the Chicano Moratorium against the Vietnam War. He is still actively fighting for the rights of Chicanos.
- 19. Paula Crisóstomo Paula Crisóstomo, a half-Filipina half-Chicana went on to prominence in the school system, where she continues to fight for reform.
- 20. Vicky Castro Vicky Castro went on to serve on the Los Angeles Unified School District Board of Education.
- 21. The student actions of 1968 inspired later protests that used similar tactics, including the 1994 student walkouts against California Proposition 187 and the 2006 student walkouts against H.R. 4437.
- 22. These also inspired the walkouts in 2007, for the recognition of the Cesar Chavez holiday, and demand of youth to stop the raids, make California a sanctuary state, and put an end to the mistreatment of Latino youth all over the country.
